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Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

Rakesh DUMARU, Hugo RODRIGUES, Humberto VARUM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 241-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0560-4

摘要： The present study investigates the vulnerability assessment of the prototype revised Mandatory Rule of Thumb (MRT) buildings initially designed and detailed for three storeys bare frame building; later modified through variable number of storeys (three, four, and five) and different arrangement of infill walls (bare frame, soft-storey, irregular infilled, and fully infilled). The application of infill walls increases the fundamental frequencies, stiffness, and maximum strength capacity, but reduces the deformation capability than the bare frame building. The vulnerability was also reduced through infill walls, where the probability of exceeding partial-collapse and collapse damage reduced by 80% and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, the increased in storeys (three to five) also increases the failure probability, such that partial-collapse and collapse for fully infilled increases by almost 55% and 80%, respectively. All obtained results and discussions concluded that the structural sections and details assigned for MRT building is not sufficient if considered as bare frame and soft-storey. And increase in number of storeys causes building highly vulnerable although the infill walls were considered.

关键词： mid-rise buildings     revised NBC 205: 2012     masonry infill walls     configurations of infill walls     vulnerability assessment and inter-storey drift    

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位于强震区的农村中小学教学楼砌体结构抗震设计分析

冯远,易丹,毕琼

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第6期   页码 138-145

摘要：

针对大开间少墙砌体结构的受力特点，结合教学楼震害，分析了构造柱、圈梁对砌体结构抗震性能的影响，并对提高结构延性的设计理念进行了阐述；同时对大开间少墙单面走廊砌体结构的设计提出了几点建议。

关键词： 大开间少墙单面走廊砌体结构     构造柱     圈梁     延性     窗间墙    

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Artificial Neural Networks to estimate seismic damage and derive vulnerability functions for traditional masonry

Tiago Miguel FERREIRA, João ESTÊVÃO, Rui MAIO, Romeu VICENTE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 609-622 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0623-6

摘要： This paper discusses the adoption of Artificial Intelligence-based techniques to estimate seismic damage, not with the goal of replacing existing approaches, but as a mean to improve the precision of empirical methods. For such, damage data collected in the aftermath of the 1998 Azores earthquake (Portugal) is used to develop a comparative analysis between damage grades obtained resorting to a classic damage formulation and an innovative approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The analysis is carried out on the basis of a vulnerability index computed with a hybrid seismic vulnerability assessment methodology, which is subsequently used as input to both approaches. The results obtained are then compared with real post-earthquake damage observation and critically discussed taking into account the level of adjustment achieved by each approach. Finally, a computer routine that uses the ANN as an approximation function is developed and applied to derive a new vulnerability curve expression. In general terms, the ANN developed in this study allowed to obtain much better approximations than those achieved with the original vulnerability approach, which has revealed to be quite non-conservative. Similarly, the proposed vulnerability curve expression was found to provide a more accurate damage prediction than the traditional analytical expressions.

关键词： Artificial Neural Networks     seismic vulnerability     masonry buildings     damage estimation     vulnerability curves    

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Confined masonry as practical seismic construction alternative–the experience from the 2014 Cephalonia

Fillitsa KARANTONI, Stavroula PANTAZOPOULOU, Athanasios GANAS

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 270-290 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0390-1

摘要：

During August 1953 three strong earthquakes of magnitude ranging from 6.3 to 7.2 shook the Ionian Island of Cephalonia (Kefalonia), Greece, and destroyed almost the entire building stock of the Island which consisted primarily of traditional unreinforced masonry (URM) houses. The authorities went on to restructuring of the building stock, using a structural system that is most like what is known today as confined masonry. They designed about 14 types of one- to two-storey buildings providing the engineers with detailed construction plans. These buildings are known as “Arogi” buildings (Arogi in Greek meaning Aid). On the 24th of January and 3rd of February 2014, two earthquakes of magnitude 6.1 and 6.0 struck the island, causing significant soil damages, developing excessively high ground accelerations. Surprisingly, no damage was reported in the “Arogi” buildings. The seismic behavior of the buildings is examined by FEM linear analysis and it is compared to that of URM structures. Computed results illustrate that the displacements of identical URM buildings would be about twice the magnitudes observed in the corresponding “Arogi” ones, with the implication that the earthquake sequence of 2014 would have caused critical damage should the type of structure be of the URM type. Furthermore, it is illustrated that this low cost alternative method of construction is a very effective means of producing earthquake resilient structures, whereas further reduction of seismic displacement may be achieved in the order of 50% with commensurate effects on damage potential, when reinforced slabs are used to replace the timber roofs.

关键词： Cephalonia     confined masonry     comparative FEM analysis     unreinforced masonry     seismic damage    

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Experimental study on the compressive performance of new sandwich masonry walls

Jianzhuang XIAO, Jie PU, Yongzhong HU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 154-163 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0203-0

摘要： Sandwich masonry wall, namely, multi-leaf masonry wall, is widely applied as energy-saving wall since the interlayer between the two outer leaves can act as insulation layer. New types of sandwich walls keep appearing in research and application, and due to their unique connection patterns, experimental studies should be performed to investigate the mechanical behavior, especially the compressive performance. 3 new types of sandwich masonry wall were investigated in this paper, and 3 different technical measures were considered to guarantee the cooperation between the two leaves of the walls. Based on the compression tests of 13 specimens, except for some damage patterns similar with the conventional masonry walls, several new failure patterns are found due to unique connection construction details. Comparisons were made between the tested compression capacity and the theoretical one which was calculated according to the Chinese Code for Design of Masonry Structures. The results indicate that the contributions of the 3 technical measures are different. The modification coefficient ( ) was suggested to evaluate the contribution of the technical measures on the compression capacity, and then a formula was proposed to evaluate the design compression capacity of the new sandwich masonry walls.

关键词： sandwich wall     insulation wall     connection     compressive performance     compression test    

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Mechanical properties characterization of different types of masonry infill walls

André FURTADO, Hugo RODRIGUES, António ARÊDE, Humberto VARUM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 411-434 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0602-y

摘要： It is remarkable, the recent advances concerning the development of numerical modeling frameworks to simulate the infill panels’ seismic behavior. However, there is a lack of experimental data of their mechanical properties, which are of full importance to calibrate the numerical models. The primary objective of this paper is to present an extensive experimental campaign of mechanical characterization tests of infill masonry walls made with three different types of masonry units: lightweight vertical hollow concrete blocks and hollow clay bricks. Four different types of experimental tests were carried out, namely: compression strength tests, diagonal tensile strength tests, and flexural strength tests parallel and perpendicular to the horizontal bed joints. A total amount of 80 tests were carried out and are reported in the present paper. The second objective of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of as-built and existing infill walls. The results presented and discussed herein, will be in terms of strain-stress curves and damages observed within the tests. It was observed a fragile behavior in the panels made with hollow clay horizontal bricks, without propagation of cracks. The plaster increased the flexural strength by 57%.

关键词： masonry infill walls     experimental characterization     compression strength     shear diagonal strength     flexural strength    

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Seismic safety evaluation methodology for masonry building and retrofitting using splint and bandage

Pravin Kumar Venkat Rao PADALU; Yogendra SINGH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 478-505 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0817-1

摘要： The paper presents a seismic safety assessment of unreinforced masonry (URM) building using two approaches. The first approach uses the ‘Pier Analysis’ method, based on the concept of equivalent lateral stiffness, where in-plane and out-of-plane actions are considered independently. The second approach is developed with the program SAP2000, where the linear response is evaluated using continuum ‘finite element modelling’ (FEM). Both methods are compared to evaluate the safety of wall piers and the differences in the outcomes under combined gravitational and lateral seismic forces. The analysis results showed that few wall elements are unsafe in in-plane and out-of-plane tension. It is also observed that the pier analysis method is conservative compared to FEM, but can be used as a simplified and quick tool in design offices for safety assessment, with reasonable accuracy. To safeguard the URM wall piers under lateral loads, a retrofitting technique is adopted by providing vertical and horizontal belts called splints and bandages, respectively, using welded wire mesh (WWM) reinforcement. The study using the ‘Pier Analysis’ shows that the lateral load capacity of unsafe URM piers can be enhanced up to 3.67 times and made safe using the applied retrofitting technique. Further, the retrofitting design methodology and recommendations for application procedures to on-site URM buildings are discussed in detail.

关键词： unreinforced masonry     seismic in-plane and out-of-plane forces     pier analysis     finite element modelling     splint and bandage technique with wire mesh    

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Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 855-869 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0972-z

摘要： Seismic analysis of historical masonry bridges is important for authorities in all countries hosting such cultural heritage assets. The masonry arch bridge investigated in this study was built during the Roman period and is on the island of Rhodes, in Greece. Fifteen seismic records were considered and categorized as far-field, pulse-like near-field, and non-pulse-like near-field. The earthquake excitations were scaled to a target spectrum, and nonlinear time-history analyses were performed in the transverse direction. The performance levels were introduced based on the pushover curve, and the post-earthquake damage state of the bridge was examined. According to the results, pulse-like near-field events are more damaging than non-pulse-like near-field ground motions. Additionally the bridge is more vulnerable to far-field excitations than near-field events. Furthermore, the structure will suffer extensive post-earthquake damage and must be retrofitted.

关键词： masonry arch bridges     seismic behavior     modal properties     pulse-like records     nonlinear time history analysis    

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Predicting resilient modulus of recycled concrete and clay masonry blends for pavement applications using

Mosbeh R. KALOOP, Alaa R. GABR, Sherif M. EL-BADAWY, Ali ARISHA, Sayed SHWALLY, Jong WAN HU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 1379-1392 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0562-2

摘要： To date, very few researchers employed the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) in predicting the resilient modulus ( ) of Unbound Granular Materials (UGMs). This paper focused on the development of a LSSVM model to predict the of recycled materials for pavement applications and comparison with other different models such as Regression, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Blends of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) with Recycled Clay Masonry (RCM) with proportions of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 55/45, 40/60, 20/80, and 0/100 by the total aggregate mass were evaluated for use as UGMs. RCA/RCM materials were collected from dumps on the sides of roads around Mansoura city, Egypt. The investigated blends were evaluated experimentally by routine and advanced tests and the values were determined by Repeated Load Triaxial Test (RLTT). Regression, ANN, and LSSVM models were utilized and compared in predicting the of the investigated blends optimizing the best design model. Results showed that the ’s of the investigated RCA/RCM blends were generally increased with the decrease in RCM proportion. Statistical analyses were utilized for evaluating the performance of the developed models and the inputs sensitivity parameters. Eventually, the results approved that the LSSVM model can be used as a novel tool to estimate the of the investigated RCA/RCM blends.

关键词： Least Square Support Vector Machine     Artificial Neural Network     resilient modulus     Recycled Concrete Aggregate     Recycled Clay Masonry    

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Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 388-398 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0273-7

摘要： The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.

关键词： campus buildings     set-point temperature     energy simulation     energy saving optimization    

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Heat prices for public buildings in Tianjin

Boyuan HAO,Zhe TIAN,Yan DING,Peng PENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 249-259 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0412-z

摘要： Energy-saving awareness of heat users and heating enterprises can be stimulated by implementing heat metering for public buildings and by establishing scientific and reasonable policies for heat prices in China. In this paper, a two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is introduced, which divides the heat price into a basic part and a metering part. According to the statistical analysis of information collected from two pilot heating enterprises, the specific heat load for public buildings in Tianjin is calculated, and three candidate schemes of heat price are proposed. A simulation of heat cost is also conducted, and the benefits for both heat users and heating enterprises are balanced. Finally, the two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is determined: the basic heat price is recommended to be 20 CNY/m , and the metering heat price is recommended to be 76.10 CNY/GJ. Such a price could be implemented in the initial stage of heat metering for public buildings in Tianjin.

关键词： heat metering     public buildings     two-part heat price     specific heat load    

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Design and control optimization of energy systems of smart buildings today and in the near future

Shengwei WANG, Wenjie GANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 58-66 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017005

摘要： Buildings contribute to a major part of energy consumption in urban areas, especially in areas like Hong Kong which is full of high-rise buildings. Smart buildings with high efficiency can reduce the energy consumption largely and help achieve green cities or smart cities. Design and control optimization of building energy systems therefore plays a significant role to obtain the optimal performance. This paper introduces a general methodology for the design and control optimization of building energy systems in the life cycle. When the design scheme of building energy systems is optimized, primary steps and related issues are introduced. To improve the operation performance, the optimal control strategies that can be used by different systems are presented and key issues are discussed. To demonstrate the effect of the methods, the energy system of a high-rise building is introduced. The design on the chilled water pump system and cooling towers is improved. The control strategies for chillers, pumps and fresh air systems are optimized. The energy saving and cost from the design and control optimization methods are analyzed. The presented methodology will provide users and stakeholders an effective approach to improve the energy efficiency of building energy systems and promote the development of smart buildings and smart cities.

关键词： Design optimization     Optimal control     Smart building     Energy efficiency    

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Comprehensive review of modeling, structure, and integration techniques of smart buildings in the cyber-physical-social

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 74-94 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0792-6

摘要： Smart buildings have been proven to be a kind of flexible demand response resources in the power system. To maximize the utilization of the demand response resources, such as the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC), the energy storage systems (ESSs), the plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), and the photovoltaic systems (PVs), their controlling, operation and information communication technologies have been widely studied. Involving human behaviors and cyber space, a traditional power system evolves into a cyber-physical-social system (CPSS). Lots of new operation frameworks, controlling methods and potential resources integration techniques will be introduced. Conversely, these new techniques urge the reforming requirement of the techniques on the modeling, structure, and integration techniques of smart buildings. In this paper, a brief comprehensive survey of the modeling, controlling, and operation of smart buildings is provided. Besides, a novel CPSS-based smart building operation structure is proposed, and the integration techniques for the group of smart buildings are discussed. Moreover, available business models for aggregating the smart buildings are discussed. Furthermore, the required advanced technologies for well-developed smart buildings are outlined.

关键词： smart buildings     cyber-physical-social-system     optimization     modeling     demand response     virtual power plant    

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Shear wall layout optimization of tall buildings using Quantum Charged System Search

Siamak TALATAHARI, Mahdi RABIEI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 1131-1151 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0660-1

摘要： This paper presents a developed meta-heuristic algorithm to optimize the shear walls of tall reinforced concrete buildings. These types of walls are considered as lateral resistant elements. In this paper, Quantum Charged System Search (QCSS) algorithm is presented as a new optimization method and used to improve the convergence capability of the original Charged System Search. The cost of tall building is taken as the objective function. Since the design of the lateral system plays a major role in the performance of the tall buildings, this paper proposes a unique computational technique that, unlike available works, focuses on structural efficiency or architectural design. This technique considers both structural and architectural requirements such as minimum structural costs, torsional effects, flexural and shear resistance, lateral deflection, openings and accessibility. The robustness of the new algorithm is demonstrated by comparing the outcomes of the QCSS with those of its standard algorithm.

关键词： Quantum Charged System Search     shear wall     layout optimization     tall buildings    

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Survey and analysis of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin

Junlong LI, Huan ZHANG, Shijun YOU, Zhenhui XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 69-74 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0221-y

摘要： An energy audit of 24 office buildings was conducted in Tianjin, including basic information of buildings, building energy system and energy bills. The investigation results showed that the average intensity of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin accounts for 161.51 kW·h/(m ·a). By breaking the energy consumption down into detailed items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy (46.6%), followed by equipment (35.9%), cooling system (11%) and lighting system (6.69%). The main factors for office building energy consumption were found and some feasible measures to save energy were proposed.

关键词： office building     energy consumption intensity     energy consumption breakdown     energy saving measures    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

Rakesh DUMARU, Hugo RODRIGUES, Humberto VARUM

期刊论文

位于强震区的农村中小学教学楼砌体结构抗震设计分析

冯远,易丹,毕琼

期刊论文

Artificial Neural Networks to estimate seismic damage and derive vulnerability functions for traditional masonry

Tiago Miguel FERREIRA, João ESTÊVÃO, Rui MAIO, Romeu VICENTE

期刊论文

Confined masonry as practical seismic construction alternative–the experience from the 2014 Cephalonia

Fillitsa KARANTONI, Stavroula PANTAZOPOULOU, Athanasios GANAS

期刊论文

Experimental study on the compressive performance of new sandwich masonry walls

Jianzhuang XIAO, Jie PU, Yongzhong HU

期刊论文

Mechanical properties characterization of different types of masonry infill walls

André FURTADO, Hugo RODRIGUES, António ARÊDE, Humberto VARUM

期刊论文

Seismic safety evaluation methodology for masonry building and retrofitting using splint and bandage

Pravin Kumar Venkat Rao PADALU; Yogendra SINGH

期刊论文

Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

期刊论文

Predicting resilient modulus of recycled concrete and clay masonry blends for pavement applications using

Mosbeh R. KALOOP, Alaa R. GABR, Sherif M. EL-BADAWY, Ali ARISHA, Sayed SHWALLY, Jong WAN HU

期刊论文

Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

期刊论文

Heat prices for public buildings in Tianjin

Boyuan HAO,Zhe TIAN,Yan DING,Peng PENG

期刊论文

Design and control optimization of energy systems of smart buildings today and in the near future

Shengwei WANG, Wenjie GANG

期刊论文

Comprehensive review of modeling, structure, and integration techniques of smart buildings in the cyber-physical-social

期刊论文

Shear wall layout optimization of tall buildings using Quantum Charged System Search

Siamak TALATAHARI, Mahdi RABIEI

期刊论文

Survey and analysis of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin

Junlong LI, Huan ZHANG, Shijun YOU, Zhenhui XIE

期刊论文